Question 1

Mixed effect model is a statistical method used in ANOVA and regression. Discuss the similarity between ANOVA and regression.

Example Answer

Both are similar statistical method use to analyst relationship between independent variable and dependent variable; taking account variation in data and explain the impact of the predictor.

ANOVA focus on mean differences of independent variable whereas regression focus on the relationship between dependent variable and (1 or more) independent variable.

ANOVA used on categorical variable, different group, test for significant different within the group..

Regression test on predicted outcome.

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Question 2

Discuss how hierarchical linear model is an extension of multiple linear regression.

Example Answer

MLR look at micro level, HLM look at macro level. Its not about independent variable, but clustering of data by levels. The idea is that, if the data collected from pupils in a specific classroom, it is not suitable to represent school and causes biases.

MLR is assume that the independent of the observation and treat all the data is coming from single level but HLM take account in the layers; such like drill down capability.

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Question 3

Provide example of multilevel data.

Example Answer

Level 1 (Student Level): this level includes individual student data, such as test scores, gender, socioeconomics status and study hours. Each student’s characteristic represent the lowest level of data in the hierarchy.

Level 2 (School Level): This level includes data bout the schools, such as school size, location (urban or rural), average teacher experience, and funding levels. These school-level factors affect all students within the school.

In this example, students within the same school may share common influences due to the school environment, which creates correlations within groups that multilevel models are designed to handle, unlike traditional regression methods.

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