Objective of time series
- Describe – visualize current data
- Forecast – create continues data point at the end of chart
- Improve
Time Series Chart
- in regular interval, eg. 5s, 5s, 5s; not 5s, 10s, 3s.
Excel
1. Raw Data
| Year | Quarter 1 | Quarter 2 | Quarter 3 | Quarter 4 |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | 667 | 631 | 675 | 699 |
| 2 | 739 | 695 | 751 | 779 |
| 3 | 823 | 795 | 835 | 875 |
| 4 | 931 | 855 | 939 | 967 |
2. Copy & paste again but holding “Ctrl” button
3. Click on “Transpose” button
4. Copy and format accordingly.
5. Create scatter plot
6. Modify Major Axis Tick
7. Modify Major Axis Gridline
R
ts(data, start, end, frequency) → create time series object
imported_earthquakes <- ts(data=Earthquakes$earthquakes)
plot(imported_earthquakes,
main="title here",
xlab="Year",
ylab="Magnitude")Result:
imported_sales <- ts(data=sales$Sales,
start=c(2007, 7),
frequency=4)
plot(imported_sales,
main="title here",
xlab="Year",
ylab="Sales")Result:
Kim 2 ML 
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